Research highlights

1. Fifteen wild germplasms of Agaricus, procured from Maharashtra, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan and Kashmir, were confirmed using ITS markers.
2. A total of 100 strains of Agaricus bisporus were evaluated for temperature tolerance at 29°C and 33°C. Eight strains showed temperature tolerance at 33°C.
3. Ten selected button mushroom strains were evaluated; A-176 and A-177 were found to be higher-yielding strains.
4. Among eight released button mushroom strains, NBS 5-59 was found to be the highest yielder.
5. Seven high-yielding hybrids of Flammulina were identified compared with the control strain DMRO-253.
6. Forty oyster mushroom hybrids were developed and confirmed through mycelial compatibility tests and the presence of clamp connections.
7. Two varieties were released: DMR-Milky-985 in milky mushroom and DMRO-327 in shiitake. Two additional varieties were developed and released through AICRP-M: the sporeless oyster mushroom variety DMRP-395 and high-yielding shiitake variety DMRO-330.
8. The fourth successive trial to induce ascomata (fruit bodies) in Morchella was completed successfully under greenhouse conditions, producing 12 kg of ascomata.
9. Eight selected casing-material combinations were evaluated for yield and quality. Coirpith plus 10% CaCO₃ produced the highest yield with better quality.
10. Of 22 bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as effective against Mycogone perniciosa (wet bubble disease). Bacillus proteolyticus and Pseudomonas putida showed more than 90% growth inhibition against Cladobotryum species. None of the isolates was effective against Trichoderma species.
11. A new species of Cladobotryum associated with cobweb disease of oyster mushroom was identified. In this species, hilum-like outgrowths were recorded at both ends of the spores. In C. dendroides, associated with cobweb disease of shiitake, the spore showed a basal hilum at one end only.
12. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Trametes mushroom showed 60.94% inhibition of Mycogone perniciosa at a concentration of 1,000 ppm.
13. Malt extract was identified as the optimal medium for mycelial growth for vegan-meat development using oyster mushroom strains DMRP-115, 392, 136, 116 and 135, and milky mushroom strain DMRO-985. DMRP-116, DMRP-135 and DMRO-985 were selected for higher mycelial biomass production.
14. For mushroom-mycelium-based vegan meat, DMRP-136 (Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida) was identified as the best of 14 strains from eight mushroom species. Soybean-extract-based liquid medium was optimized for mycelium production.
15. Steeping fresh oyster mushrooms in a solution of 1% NaCl, 0.2% citric acid, 0.2% acetic acid and 0.05% KMS increased shelf life to 25 days at room temperature.
16. Pre- and post-harvest antimicrobial sprays were studied for white button mushroom strain A-15. KMS (0.05%) and EDTA (0.03%) reduced decay loss and weight loss and delayed cap opening during storage.

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